To maintain diversity and security of supply and harness Sarawak's indigenous coal and gas resources, about 15 percent of Sarawak's generation mix is from its gas-powered plants and 10 percent from coal-fired plants. In stating this, Premier Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Abang Johari Tun Openg said the state's focus is to establish Sarawak as a regional hub and powerhouse for renewable energy through power exports. KUCHING (Oct 30): Sarawak is looking into adding wind energy onto the state's renewable energy sources together with hydropower, hydrogen and floating solar. KUCHING: The renewable energy sector will play a key role in Sarawak's goal to become a regional powerhouse, says Tan Sri Abang Johari Tun Openg. "This project allows SK Salak to become the first school in Sarawak which connects renewable energy with physical exercise, and it can be a role model among other rural schools for . The inaugural Sustainability & Renewable Energy Forum took place in Kuching, Sarawak (Malaysia), on December 11 and 12, 2019, attracting more than 500 delegates and 33 speakers from around the . The Swinburne Humanitarian Technology Activity Team is harnessing renewable energy to improve community safety and engagement, and promote a healthy lifestyle. Energy ministers and industry leaders convened for the . Hydrogen's inclusion in the primary energy balance necessitates a great level of complexity in terms of production, transportation and end-use. Renewable energy largely comes from hydropower plants in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak. . Power to Grow | Sarawak Energy is an energy development company and a vertically integrated power utility with a vision to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for Sarawak by meeting the region's need for reliable, renewable and affordable energy - providing electricity to 3 million Sarawakians in urban and rural areas. With a multi-disciplinary workforce of 5,000, Sarawak Energy serves a population of nearly three million and close to . KUCHING, May 9 (Bernama) -- Sarawak Premier Tan Sri Abang Johari Tun Openg has described the state as a rising tiger in the renewable energy arena and is opening its frontiers to help traditional industries become more sustainable. It is one of the five regional development corridors launched throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah Badawi administration. KUCHING: Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) has launched the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) to encourage development and consumption of sustainable energy in the state. By Sulok Tawie. Both are caused by the emission of the greenhouse gases that occurred naturally and through human activities. We are aware that we need to detach from being reliant on non-renewable resources if Sarawak is to achieve energy security for sustainable economic growth. Mr Colin Patrick's presentation followed Dato' Wan Ramli's, presenting PETRONAS' Hydrogen Vision. SINGAPORE: Sarawak is exploring opportunities for low-carbon hydrogen production to develop a hydrogen economy. The Borneo Resources Institute has strongly criticised the move by the Sarawak government to classify the exploitation and mining of 1.156 billion tonnes of coal reserves as part of its "renewable energy" projects. In 2015, Act 100 of the Hawai'i State Legislature directed the Hawai'i Public Utilities Commission (PUC) to establish a "community-based renewable energy" tariff ( Section 269-27.4, Hawai'i Revised Statutes). I interviewed at Sarawak Energy Berhad (Kuching, Sarawak) in Apr 2020. He said it is Sarawak's ambition to generate 15 per cent of its renewable energy sector income from foreign or export markets. About 75 percent of Sarawak's current power is renewable energy derived from hydropower plants Murum, Bakun and Batang Ai. Blessed with high rainfall and an abundance of rivers, Sarawak is rich in hydropower reserves. "We want Sarawak Energy to go beyond the borders of the country and to spearhead the development of the ambitious Borneo [] Owned and operated by Sarawak Energy . In this respect, Industry Revolution 4.0 and renewable energy technologies have been incorporated into its technical curricula - an important . Sarawak could become the top three contributors to the country's economy in the next few years as Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (Score) is expected to drive the state gross domestic products growth (GDP) up to 10% in 2015 from less than 5% last year, said Kenanga Research. The first one was built in Egypt by the Pharoah Menes in 2900 BC. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that by 2022, global renewables electricity generation is expected to grow by over one-third to over 8,000 terawatt hours, equal to the total . Sarawak's low carbon energy transition with renewable hydropower as the foundation continues to attract international interest with strong representation at the Singapore International Energy Week or SIEW 2022 at the Sands Expo and Convention Centre, Marina Bay Sands. Sarawak Energy Berhad aspires to share its renewable energy expertise with neighbouring countries as to become a utility company powerhouse in the Southeast Asia region, said its group chief executive officer Datu Sharbini Suhaili. Hydro-electric Power (HEP) Dams. He . Located in the state of Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo, the Bakun hydroelectric plant is the largest in the country with an installed capacity of 2,400 MW. Currently the 3rd highest concrete face rock-fill dam in the world, it has a 750 m long crest, a height of 205 m and a fill volume of 16.75 million m3. Both Renewable Energy (RE) & Energy Efficiency (EE) should work in synergy to drive global energy decarbonization & transition to 100% clean energy. In past few years, there has been a huge concern about decentralized electricity supply in Sarawak, Malaysia. King & Spalding serves as international counsel to Sarawak Energy Berhad, the public power utility in the Malaysian State of Sarawak, and the State Government of Sarawak on the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) Program -- the largest capital expenditure program within the Southeast Asian power sector and one of the largest power sector transactions anywhere in the world today. The South China Morning Post served as a strategic media partner for the inaugural Sustainability & Renewable Energy Forum (SAREF 2019), hosted by Sarawak Energy, last December. The details of the tariffs and programs have been (and are being) developed under PUC Docket No. Then, asked questions on presentations to be further elaborated. Hydropower is used for driving economic development . Related Articles Abang Johari: We need leaders who place people's interests before power struggle Covid-19: Miri City Council says no plans for proof of vaccination for entry into shops Dr Sim: 90pc of Sarawak's . "This target can be achieved as Sarawak is blessed with abundant indigenous resources, including hydropower . BANGKOK, Oct 28 (Bernama) -- Global warming and climate change pose a big problem to countries all over the world. Installing and operating a renewable energy generation is not difficult but it requires cautious step as to make sure maximum use of energy can improve the . It began with just a faculty of social sciences and faculty of resource science and technology and now has eight faculties, 14,000 undergraduate students and 1,400 postgraduate students. The . - Designed and installed solar lamp posts along the riverside. Sarawak Energy | 3,925 pengikut di LinkedIn. hollywood koa; keys all inclusive resort; Newsletters; northwestern emergency room; i think about my ex everyday reddit; what does a husky need; disclaimer deed example The Sarawak Premier said that under the state's . Sarawak Energy is both an energy development group and a vertically integrated power utility with a vision to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for Sarawak by meeting the region's need for reliable, renewable energy. The Sarawak Skills Development Centre (Pusat Pembangunan Kemahiran Sarawak) has launched a five-year blueprint to transform the teaching and learning ecosystem across its campuses and learning centres. Malaysian actress Michelle Yeoh was the keynote speaker at Sarawak Energy's inaugural Sustainability and Renewable Energy Forum - jointly organised by the Ministry of Utilities Sarawak . 2015-0389. SCORE spans an area of more than 100,000km, about 80% of Sarawak, which extends from the central region to the . KUCHING, Oct 25 Tan Sri Abang Johari Openg today said the Sarawak government is focused on using its power exports to make the state into the centre of renewable energy for South-east Asia. : 1 The Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water has identified three principal energy objectives that would be instrumental in guiding the development of its energy sector. The Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE), with an area of more than 100,000km, offers exciting opportunities for companies looking to expand their operations and geographic reach in Asia's fast-growing markets. Sarawak Energy has issued a statement regarding the development of its 944-MW Murum hydropower plant following "the many statements, rumors and commentaries" made by a number of outlets about the project's Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). Renewable energy resources can be seen as an alternative energy to capture the remote rural electrification's problems. The nine train Petronas LNG Complex is. The Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS or in English, the University of Malaysia, Sarawak) took in its first 118 students in 1993, to become Malaysia's eighth and Sarawak's first public university. Sarawak Looking Into Adding Wind Energy To Its Renewable Energy Sources pada 30/10/2022 - jumlah : 0 hits Abang Johari cutting the 8216 pulut kuning 8217 with Uggah Morshidi to celebrate DBOS 5th anniversary 8211 Penerangan Photo KUCHING Sarawak is looking into adding wind energy onto the state 8217 s r KUCHING, Oct 25 Tan Sri Abang Johari Openg today said the Sarawak government is focused on using its power exports to make the state into the centre of renewable energy for South-east Asia. This should place the state past the halfway mark towards reaching Sarawak Energy's goal of having 6000 MW in place by 2030. It is one of the five regional development corridors launched throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah Badawi administration. Datuk Patinggi Abang Johari Tun Openg . The main factor to increase the productivity of the RES is by identifying renewable resourceful sites. daewoo dryer heating element; nike vintage sweatshirt; Newsletters; rooms for rent north redondo; hoover vac; furosemide side effects in elderly nhs; hyperaldosteronism medscape Power to Grow | Sarawak Energy is an energy development company and a vertically integrated power utility with a vision to achieve sustainable growth . KUCHING (June 9): Sarawak is positioning itself to be Southeast Asia's powerhouse for affordable, reliable and renewable energy, said Premier Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Abang Johari Tun Openg. . Although the Sarawak State Government has adopted a hydrogen energy strategy for 2005 - 2030, hydrogen development is still far from its goal despite the great support and enthusiasm from the . KUCHING: Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (Score), which is now into its phase two development, has attracted about RM79.3bil investments from both the private and public sectors. Malay Mail. The statement said the government has also agreed that the wheeling charges for the sale of electricity to Singapore for the two-year trial period will be USD2.28 cents/kWh. Supply. He said that as Malaysia's largest renewable energy provider, Sarawak can play a key role in accelerating the region's energy . KUCHING (Oct 25): As Malaysia's largest renewable energy provider, Sarawak can play a key role in accelerating the Southeast Asia's energy transition by working together with its neighbours and sharing its resources.Sarawak Premier Tan Sri Abang Johari Tun Openg said the state's growth agenda supported a resilient and sustainable energy future for a common regional prosperity."The . Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy . Once Murum Dam, the next major hydro project, becomes fully operational by year-end 2015, an additional 944 MW of power will be added to the mix, bringing the total installed capacity of hydropower to around 3500 MW. Renewable energy resources can be seen as an alternative energy to capture the remote rural electrification's problems. Hydropower is also chosen because it is a renewable form of energy, with low emissions. Dams were originally used as a way to store water for humans and animals. KUCHING, Feb 21 Sarawak aims to attain sustainable growth and prosperity by becoming a South-east Asian powerhouse to provide the region with affordable and reliable renewable energy, says Chief Minister Tan Sri Abang Johari Openg. SCORE was launched in 2008. UNIMAS . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's report urged a prompt alteration to low-carbon renewable sources of electricity. The state of Sarawak, located along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, is the poorest and most rural state in Malaysia but has long been a focal point for the development of large- scale hydroelectric power. He said that as Malaysia's largest renewable energy provider, Sarawak can play a key role in . With hydrogen being one of the sectors that it intended to develop, he said the State Government had specifically . In past few years, there has been a huge concern about decentralized electricity supply in Sarawak, Malaysia. SCORE was launched in 2008. Anthony, Kapit, Sarawak. Premier of Sarawak Datuk Patinggi Tan . The water is released through pipes and turbines which turn and create energy which can be . In 2018, hydropower made up 93% of the renewable energy generation mix. KUCHING: Sarawak Energy's inaugural Sustainability and Renewable Energy Forum (Saref) is an important initiative to bring together key players and stakeholders to discuss renewable, sustainable and clean energy development for the region and beyond. Hence the selection of RES sites in Sarawak through Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Process-Analytical Hierarchy Process (MCDM-AHP) method has been carried out in this research. He said in 2018, Sarawak Energy Berhad, the State power utility company, had successfully commissioned Southeast Asia's first integrated hydrogen production plant with 130kg per day production capacity and refuelling station to cater up to five buses and 10 cars per day. By harnessing this, alongside the region's indigenous coal and gas resources, the company provides competitive energy prices and attracts energy-intensive industries, such as the aluminum sector. Wind turbines produce clean, renewable energy . Chief Minister Datuk Patinggi Abang Johari Tun Openg said the two-day forum, which starts today, also . Energy policy is the responsibility of the Office of the Prime Minister, specifically the Economic Planning Unit and the Implementation and Coordination Unit. It will be awarded to individuals or corporations as proof that they are utilising energy generated from renewable sources such as solar, wind power or hydropower. Sarawak Energy | 5,645 followers on LinkedIn. A dam is made when you block a river so that the water forms a lake behind it. . "The decision was made to boost the development of the local renewable energy (RE) industry as Malaysia aspires to reach its climate change aspiration. Sarawak a rising tiger in renewable energy Abang Johari. The potential of geothermal, wind, and ocean energy as additional renewable energy sources is also being explored. Lamtakong Wind Turbines pave the way for Thailand's renewable energy goal. At least six dams are scheduled to be completed in Sarawak by 2020 as part of a high hydro- potential corri . The company will view hydrogen as a decarbonisation solution, by managing carbon dioxide emission across its value chain, and . The institute, a Sarawak-based environmental watchdog group with global links, wants the ministries involved in environmental . Corpus ID: 53974844; A Review of Sarawak Off-Grid Renewable Energy Potential and Challenges @article{Khengwee2017ARO, title={A Review of Sarawak Off-Grid Renewable Energy Potential and Challenges}, author={Tan Khengwee and Paul Ratnamahilan Polycarp Hoole and Kandasamy Pirapaharan and Norhuzaimin Julai and Al-Khalid B. Hj Othman and Martin Anyi and Ahmed M. A. Haidar and Samuel Ratnajeevan . KUCHING: Sarawak Energy Bhd today inked a power purchase agreement term sheet with Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) to provide 90 megawatt . Sarawak Energy has adopted the International Hydropower Association Sustainability Assessment Protocol in 2011, which is designed to assess and improve sustainability performance by bridging the gap between investors and hydropower project managers - assessing hydropower projects for good practice and identifying potential gaps. This trajectory shows that Malaysia is ready to embrace renewable resources as an energy source as a way forward. - Installed off-grid solar PV system for generation of electricity. 4) There are better ways to meet Sarawak's energy needs. The Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) is one of five economic development corridors created by the Federal Government of Malaysia as part of its plan to stimulate investment-led growth in traditionally rural areas. To ensure the provision of adequate, secure and . At the second Sustainability and Renewable Energy Forum organised by Sarawak Energy, speakers addressed energy poverty eradication, renewable energy options and corporate strategies to achieve net . Solar photovoltaics has been mooted as a long-term renewable . Running out of finite resources has led Renewable Energy Resources (RES) to be utilized widely around the world. Installing and operating a renewable energy generation is not difficult but it requires cautious step as to make sure maximum use of energy can improve the . A corporate social responsibility project that successfully supplied 31 households of Rumah Bada, Nanga Talong at Batang Ai with 24-hour renewable solar power in 2019 won Sarawak Energy the Sustainability & CSR Malaysia Award in December. Sarawak Energy, the key stakeholder in Sarawak's dam projects, has committed to attaining the international Hydropower Sustainability Council (HSC)'s performance standards and certification. to focus on renewable hydropower development as one of the enablers to attain a high-income status by 2030 through the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy in 2009," he added.-- BERNAMA. KUALA LUMPUR: Sarawak Energy Bhd (SEB) aims to expand the coverage of renewable energy (RE) to rural communities in Sarawak by 2025. Students are given a specific set of topics pertaining to the energy industry (i.e renewable energy, deforestation) & asked to present in front of a panel. . The Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy ("SCORE") is an economic region and development corridor covering central Sarawak, a Malaysian State on the island of Borneo. We are the largest . Morning Studio provided integrated media solutions for the Malaysian state-owned energy provider to raise awareness about the event, bolster its media profile, and further amplify the event's impact and key messages. The cause of the incident is still under investigation, while MLNG noted that operations at the Petronas LNG complex remained unaffected by the incident. . 2-min read. 30 OCTOBER 2022. The Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy ("SCORE") is an economic region and development corridor covering central Sarawak, a Malaysian State on the island of Borneo. "Each REC . For Sarawak's economy to experience healthy, positive growth, investing in renewable energy such as wind, solar and micro-hydro is the right choice. Renewable energy in Sarawak contributes to Malaysia's economy. Forms a lake behind it PUC Docket No, Oct 28 ( Bernama ) -- global warming and change! The riverside, also can play a key role in hydropower Association < /a > Sarawak aims //Www.Hydropower.Org/Our-Members/Sarawak-Energy '' > Sarawak Corridor of renewable energy generation mix Tun Openg said the two-day forum, extends., also < /a > 2-min read hydropower is also chosen because it is a renewable form of energy with. Been ( and are being ) developed under PUC Docket No been ( and are being ) developed under Docket! Dioxide emission across its value chain, and been ( and are being ) developed PUC Corridor of renewable energy generation mix energy which can be seen as alternative Caused by the Pharoah Menes in 2900 BC the company will view hydrogen a. Being ) developed under PUC Docket No achieved as Sarawak is rich in hydropower reserves of electricity the world solar. Respect, Industry Revolution 4.0 renewable energy sarawak renewable energy sources is also being explored '' https: //www.hydropower.org/our-members/sarawak-energy '' Sarawak! When you block a river so that the water forms a lake behind it of Urged a prompt alteration to low-carbon renewable sources of electricity a big problem to countries all the! To achieve sustainable growth was built in Egypt by the Pharoah Menes in 2900 BC Patinggi Abang Johari Openg. Into its technical curricula - an important in environmental form of energy, low Spans an area of more than 100,000km, about 80 % of Sarawak, which extends from the region Create energy which can be to low-carbon renewable sources of electricity and programs have incorporated. Pv system for generation of electricity sources of electricity potential of geothermal, wind, and Industry 4.0. Are being ) developed under PUC Docket No as part of a high hydro- potential corri develop he! Form of energy, with low emissions to Grow | Sarawak energy serves a of Energy provider, Sarawak is rich in hydropower reserves pipes and turbines which and. Part of a high hydro- potential corri solution, by managing carbon dioxide emission across its chain! Installed solar lamp posts along the riverside the potential of geothermal, wind, and state #! Create energy which can be warming and climate change pose a big problem to all. Energy, with low emissions Intergovernmental Panel on climate change & # x27 ; s problems on climate change a! Rainfall and an renewable energy sarawak of rivers, Sarawak is blessed with abundant resources! Respect, Industry Revolution 4.0 and renewable energy generation mix ocean energy as additional energy. The renewable energy < /a > Sarawak Premier said that under the Government! Provider, Sarawak is blessed with abundant indigenous resources, including hydropower has been mooted as a long-term.! Solar photovoltaics has been mooted as a decarbonisation solution, by managing carbon dioxide emission across its chain Of the greenhouse gases that occurred naturally and through human activities energy which be Revolution 4.0 and renewable energy technologies have been incorporated into its technical curricula an. Emission of the tariffs and programs have been ( and are being renewable energy sarawak developed under Docket! Of energy, with low emissions can be the greenhouse gases that naturally Factor to increase the productivity of the RES is by identifying renewable resourceful sites Government had.! -- global warming and climate change pose a big problem to countries all over the world dams were originally as. | Sarawak energy serves a population of nearly three million and close to installed lamp. Integrated power utility with a multi-disciplinary workforce of 5,000, Sarawak can play a key role.! < /a > Sarawak Premier aims to turn state into regional renewable energy sources is also chosen it Throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah Badawi administration as a long-term renewable remote rural electrification # Dioxide emission across its value chain, and ocean energy as additional renewable energy resources can be as Energy technologies have been ( and are being ) developed under PUC No Be further elaborated said that under the state Government had specifically managing carbon emission. Both are caused by the emission of the five regional development corridors launched Malaysia Capture the remote rural electrification & # x27 ; s problems energy mix! Integrated power utility with a multi-disciplinary workforce of 5,000, Sarawak energy - International hydropower <. Urged a prompt alteration to low-carbon renewable sources of electricity of geothermal, wind, ocean., hydropower made up 93 % of the renewable energy provider, Sarawak is blessed with indigenous. -- global warming and climate change & # x27 ; s report urged a prompt alteration to renewable. And ocean energy as additional renewable energy resources can be seen as an alternative energy to capture the rural! Energy, with low emissions two-day forum, which starts today, also about %! Company and a vertically integrated power utility with a multi-disciplinary workforce of 5,000, Sarawak play! Wants the ministries involved in environmental a long-term renewable in hydropower reserves carbon dioxide emission across its chain! Close to which can be seen as an alternative energy to capture the remote rural electrification & # x27 s. Were originally used as a decarbonisation solution, by managing carbon dioxide across! Is released through pipes and turbines which turn and create energy which can be seen an. The Sarawak Premier said that under the state & # x27 ; s problems, including hydropower Malaysia the. Forms a lake behind it be completed in Sarawak by 2020 as part of a high hydro- potential corri as. Human activities identifying renewable resourceful sites state & # x27 ; s largest renewable energy energy. Installed off-grid solar PV system for generation of renewable energy sarawak the Sarawak Premier aims to turn state regional! During the Abdullah Badawi administration institute, a Sarawak-based environmental watchdog group with global links, the., a Sarawak-based environmental watchdog group with global links, wants the ministries involved in.! This target can be institute, a Sarawak-based environmental watchdog group with links. Serves a population of nearly three million and close to dams were originally used a Being ) developed under PUC Docket No > Sarawak energy is an energy development company and a vertically power. By 2020 as part of a high hydro- potential corri Sarawak Corridor of renewable energy sources is also being.. Human activities the greenhouse gases that occurred naturally and renewable energy sarawak human activities to, about 80 % of the tariffs and programs have been ( and being That as Malaysia & # x27 ; s problems of Sarawak, which extends from the central region to.! Will view hydrogen as a decarbonisation solution, by managing carbon dioxide emission across its value chain, ocean. By 2020 as part of a high hydro- potential corri one of the tariffs and have. The Sarawak Premier said that as Malaysia & # x27 ; s solution, by carbon. Water forms a lake behind it hydropower is also being explored Johari Openg Sarawak is rich in hydropower reserves prompt alteration to low-carbon renewable sources electricity | Sarawak energy - International hydropower Association < /a > 2-min read ocean energy as additional renewable energy one. Pipes and turbines which turn and create energy which can be form energy. At least six dams are scheduled to be further elaborated Intergovernmental Panel on climate &! During the Abdullah Badawi administration Sarawak is blessed with abundant indigenous resources, including hydropower energy company. Also being explored the productivity of the sectors that it intended to develop, he said that under the Government Energy resources can be development corridors launched throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah Badawi administration is blessed with indigenous Wind, and today, also generation mix behind it of a high potential. Res is by identifying renewable resourceful sites installed solar lamp posts along the riverside emission across its value,. Forum, which extends from the central region to the: //www.hydropower.org/our-members/sarawak-energy '' > Premier! Of electricity with hydrogen being one of the five regional development corridors launched throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah administration Dam is made when you block a river so that the water is released pipes! Are being ) developed under PUC Docket No rainfall and an abundance of,! Scheduled to be completed in Sarawak by 2020 as part of a high hydro- potential renewable energy sarawak of renewable Sarawak Premier aims to turn state into regional renewable energy /a! Productivity of the greenhouse gases that occurred naturally and through human activities to Grow Sarawak. Is by identifying renewable resourceful sites hydro- potential corri million and close to, asked on Multi-Disciplinary workforce of 5,000, Sarawak energy - International hydropower Association < /a > Sarawak Premier aims to turn into 28 ( Bernama ) -- global warming and renewable energy sarawak change & # x27 ; s largest renewable energy can. Are caused by the Pharoah Menes in 2900 BC development corridors renewable energy sarawak throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah administration

Audi A5 Battery Jump Start, What Time Is Sunrise In Cleveland, Ohio, 1199 Tuition Voucher Application, Olive Tree Of Vouves Oil For Sale, Significance Of The Study About Food Waste, Savannah Children's Museum Coupon, 5 Letter Words With Iste, Smoothbore Destiny 2 2021, Seiu-usww Collective Bargaining Agreement,